Rule of completing Sentence

Rule of completing Sentence

So That/in order that (hv‡Z/ hvi d‡j)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + ………+ so that/in order that + subject + can/may A_ev could/might + verb Gi vase form (present form).

Note: c~e©eZx© Clause wU present/future tense n‡j cieZx© clause G can/may e¨eüZ n‡e Ges c~e©eZx© clause wU past tense n‡j cieZx© could/might e¨eüZ n‡e|

Examples:

We eat so that we may live.

Read attentively so that you may pass.

He went to bazaar in order that he might buy some vegetables.

The students came to the college library so that they could/might borrow books.

I closed the door in order that thieves could/might not enter the room.

I closed the door in order hat no thief could/ might enter the room.

I helped him in order hat the work might be done in time.

Lest (cv‡Q/hv‡Z bv)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + …lest + subject + should/might + verb Gi base form.

Note: Lest Gi Wv‡b KL‡bv bv †evaK (negative) kã e‡m bv|

Example:

Work hard lest you should/might fail.

The little girl is walking very carefully les she should/might fall.

The thief ran away lest he should/might be caught.

So…..that (GZB ......... †h)

Structure1: (subject) + verb +so + adjective/adverb…+ that + subject + can/could +(not)+verb Gi base form…….....

Structure 2: (subject) + verb +so + adjective/adverb…+ that + subject + shall/will +(not)+verb Gi base form……

Structure 3: (subject) + verb +so + adjective/adverb…+ that + subject + do/does/did +not+verb Gi base form……

Structure 4: (subject) + verb +so + adjective/adverb…+ that + subject + verb Gi present/past form……

Example:

He is so weak that he cannot do the work.

He was so strong that he could do the work easily.

You are so wicked that everybody dislikes you.

You are so wicked that we do not like you.

Our father was so honest that all respected him.

They are walking so fast that they will reach there in five minutes.

Our farmers are so poor that they cannot buy their daily necessaries.

He is so honest a boy that he cannot tell a lie.

Until/Till (hZ¶Y ch©š— bv )

Structure: (Subject) + verb + ….. + until/till + subject + verb +……..

Note: Until/till Avi¤^ nIqv clause wU KL‡bv Negative nq bv|

Example:

Wait here until the rain stops.

Wait here until I come back.

We waited for him till he came back.

As long As (hZ¶Y a‡i/ hZ¶Y hveZ)

Structure: (Subject) + verb + ….. + as long as + subject + verb +……..

Example:

Wait here as long as it rains.

The man worked as long as he could.

God remains with us as long as our aim is honest.

Such……that (Ggb........ .. .. †h)

Structure: (subject) + verb + such (a/an) + adjective + noun + that + clause

He is such an honest boy that he cannot/does not tell a lies.

I earned such a small amount that I could not support my family.

They were such bad people that we avoided them.

In spite of /Despite (m‡Ë¡I)

Structure: In spite of/ Despite + noun/noun phrase/ gerund + ‰ecixZ¨ wb‡`©k K‡I Ggb †Kvb clause.

In spite of/Despite (my) illness, I went to college.

In spite of/ Despite (my) being ill, I went to college.

In spite of/Despite advancement of civilization, people still die form hunger.

In Spite of/Despite his poverty, he could continue his studies.

In spite of/Despite his being poor, he could continue his studies.

On account of/ Because of (Rb¨ ev Kvi‡Y)

Owing to /due to (Rb¨ ev Kvi‡Y)

Structure: On account of/Because of + Kvib cIKvkK noun/noun jphrase/gerund ….+ dj cªKvkK clause.

Because of his (having) good qualification, he got a good job.

On account of his illness, he could not attend the class.

On account of his being ill, he could not attend the class.

Because of drought, crops did not grow well last year.

Owing to due to your hard work, you succeeded in life/you were successful in life.

Instead of/ In lieu of ( cwie‡Z©)

Structure: Instead of/In lieu of + noun/noun phrase/gerund…..+ clause.

Instead of learning his lessons, he went to bed.

In lieu of history, I took economics.

I gave the boy a book instead of a toy.

Will you eat fish in lieu of meat?

As/Since (‡h‡nZz/Because (KviY)

Structure: As/Since/Because + dj cªKvkK clause.

As/Since you did not study well, you failed in the examination.

Everybody respects Mr Hafiz because he is very honest.

We all believed him as he never told lies.

We should gain education because no nation can develop without it.

Though/Although (hw`I)

Structure: Though/Although + clause, + ‰ecwiZ© cÖKvk K‡I Ggb †Kvb clause.

Though he is poor, he is honest.

They have no pride although they are very rich.

Although it was raining heavily, you went out without an umbrella.

I will come in time although I have no car.

If (hw`)

gyj Structure: If + kZ© cÖKvkK clause + dj cÖKvkK clause.

Structure 1: If + clause (Present indefinite tense) + clause (future indefinite tense).

If it rains, I shall stay indoors.

He will help you if you want.

If you read more, you will learn more.

If they play in the rain, they will catch cold.

Structure 2: If + clause (past indefinite) + clause (past conditional = Subject + would/could/might (not) + verb Gi vase form).

If you studied hard, you would not fail in the examination.

We might help them if they wanted.

If I were a rich man, I could help the poor.

If I had a lot of money, I would establish an industry.

Structure 3: If + clause (past perfect), + clause (perfect conditional = subject + would/could/might/(not) + have +verb Gi past participle form.)

If you had started earlier, you would not have missed the train.

If she had tried again, she might have succeeded.

If I had found him, I could have told him about you.

Let alone  (†Zv `y‡ii K_v/ K_v †Zv fvevB hvq bv/ cÖkœB D‡V bv/ Am¤¢e)

The poor peasant cannot visit a small town let alone a big city.

He cannot speak his mother tongue correctly let alone a foreign language.

You could not pass in the third division let alone in the first division.

I cannot swim a kilometer let alone five kilometers.

Had Better/Would better (eis fvj)

Structure: Subject + had better/would better (not) +verb Gi base form….

I had better/would better go now.

You had better talk to him.

He would better not sit for the examination this year.

Would rather (eis)

Structure:Subject + would rather + verb Gi base form + than + verb Gi base form+….

He would rather die than beg.

You would rather be poor than be dishonest.

I would rather suffer than take bribe.

I would rather fail than copy in the exam.

Would you mind ( Avcwb wK .. .. .. wKQz g‡b Ki‡eb)

Structure: Would you mind + gerund + Ab¨vb¨  + ?

Would you mind having a cup of tea?

Would you mind opening the door?

Would you mind not smoking here?

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